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Sugar maple trees11/2/2022 saccharum is slow, not taking place until the following spring when the soil has warmed and all frost danger is past. The seeds fall from the tree in autumn, where they must be exposed to 45 days of temperatures below 4 ☌ (39 ☏) to break their coating down. The fruit is a pair of samaras (winged seeds). The sugar maple will generally begin flowering when it is between 10 and 200 years old. The flowers are in panicles of five to ten together, yellow-green and without petals flowering occurs in early spring after 30–55 growing degree days. The recent year's growth twigs are green, and turn dark brown. The leaf buds are pointy and brown-colored. They also share a tendency with red maples for certain parts of a mature tree to change color weeks ahead of or behind the remainder of the tree. In some trees, all colors above can be seen at the same time. Sugar maples also have a tendency to color unevenly in fall. The fall color is often spectacular, ranging from bright yellow on some trees through orange to fluorescent red-orange on others. In contrast with the angular notching of the silver maple, however, the notches tend to be rounded at their interior. The basal lobes are relatively small, while the upper lobes are larger and deeply notched. The leaves are deciduous, up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long and wide, palmate, with five lobes and borne in opposite pairs. As with most trees, forest-grown sugar maples form a much taller trunk and narrower canopy than open-growth ones. A 10-year-old tree is typically about 5 m (20 ft) tall. Īcer saccharum is a deciduous tree normally reaching heights of 25–35 m (80–115 ft), and exceptionally up to 45 m (150 ft). It may also be known as "rock maple", "sugar tree", "birds-eye maple", "sweet maple", "curly maple", or "hard maple", particularly when referring to the wood. Sugar maple is best known for being the primary source of maple syrup and for its brightly colored fall foliage. It is native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada and eastern United States. Saccharodendron saccharum (Marshall) MoldenkeĪcer saccharum, the sugar maple, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae.Given the sugar maple's widespread presence and historical economic importance, it's no surprise that the Empire State has chosen it as our state tree. In 2016, maple syrup production in the United States totaled 4.2 million gallons, for a total value of $147 million, with New York the second leading producer in the country after Vermont. if it be permitted slowly to exhale away the superfluous moisture, doth congeal into sweet and saccharine substance.”Īs Francoise Michaux estimates in his inventory of North American trees, by the late 1700s maple sugar accounted for 10 million of the 80 million pounds of sugar consumed in the United States each year. “.there is in some parts of New England, a kinde of Tree, so like our Wallnut-trees, that there is so called, whose Juice that weeps out of its Incision, etc. Early English settlers reported the harvest of maple sap by Native Americans, and in his 1663 treatise “ Some considerations touching the usefulnesse of experimental naturall philosophy,” English chemist Robert Boyd provided the first description of the process of turning the sap into syrup and sugar: Their hard wood has been used for many purposes-furniture, paneling, baseball bats-but they’re most famous for their sweet sap, which can be processed into syrup and sugar. Their limbs can spread to 50’ wide, and their leaves display famously beautiful yellow, orange and red colors every fall. They are relatively drought-tolerant, and prefer acidic to alkaline, well-drained soils. Sugar maples grow into tall (up to 75 feet), long-lived trees. Abundant in New York and the states of New England, they can be found as far west as eastern Kansas and northeastern South Dakota. Sugar maples are native to eastern North America, ranging from Canada (Nova Scotia to Manitoba) into northern Georgia & northwestern South Carolina in the American South.
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